Humans have a hard enough time not being
ethnocentric, let alone not being
anthrocentric. I know when I think of sex differences, I tend to think of the males as being larger and more robust than the females, and the females as having larger percentages of body fat and less aggressive natures. But that just goes to show how biased I am, because in all animal species
outside of birds and mammals, it's far more common for the female to be the larger aggressive one. I know right? Go fig.
Chromosomes are also totally different across different species. For example, we think of males as being XY, and females as being XX. (And when they come together, it's XXX--lol sorry, bad pun.) However, in some species, heterozygous sex chromosomes mean the animal is female. In this instance ZW would be female, and ZZ would be male. And then some animals' sex is determined by the number of chromosomes X being male, and XX being female. Freaky, huh?
Odd Couples goes across several different species to take the most extreme cases of sexual dimorphism. The animals discussed herein are: elephant seals, great bustards, shell-carrying cichlids, yellow garden spiders, blanket octopuses, great seadevils, tubeworms, and shell-burrowing barnacles. I'd never heard of several of these creatures before, and I thought Ms. Fairbairn did an excellent job showcasing just how
bizarre and alien life can seem just in our own backyard.
So, I'll showcase some of the weird facts I learned from each animal species!
Elephant Seals
★ Elephant seals are the most sexually dimorphic animals. The males are twice the size of the females, and spend all their time fighting against other males to protect their female harems. The females are also aggressively territorial, since they have to protect their breeding patches in addition to fighting off the unwanted attentions of "peripheral males."
★ Females lose an addition 35% of their body weight after giving birth and when they head back to sea, they are immediately accosted by large groups of beta-males who then proceed to gang-bang her. Sometimes the females die from this, though usually they just suffer injuries.
★ Being as violent and aggressive as they are, sometimes baby elephant seals are trampled by aggressive males or females and die.
From Wikipedia:
Great Bustard
★ If you're anywhere as dorky as me, your first immediate thought was "Beautiful Bustard"? And in a way, this is actually true. Male bustards (which are birds) are bigger and have more elaborate plumage than their female counterparts. Males put on elaborate displays for females, and the females pick and choose the most 'beautiful bustard' as their mate.
From Wikipedia:
Shell-Carrying Cichlids
★ The chapter about cichlids totally cracked me up, because these are some
devious little fish. The males are huge (for the most part--more on that later), but the females are teeny-tiny because they need to be able to crawl inside shells in order to lay their eggs (think of them as fishy hermit crabs).
★ Knowing the preferences of their ladies, the male cichlids collect large piles of shells, which they guard against other males. If the male in question loses, the victor immediately starts to shake the shells, scaring off the female and emptying out the eggs, which he then proceeds to devour.
★ Males advertise their shells to females with obsequiousness that borders on that of a used car salesman. They "mouth" the shell, calling attention to it, and sometimes even "mouth" or nudge the female towards the shell, trying to get her to go inside.
★ Smaller males, called "sneakers" try to ejaculate into the shells while the bigger males are distracted. However, this only works in large populations of fish.
★ Even smaller males, with dwarfism, actually rival the females in terms of teeny-tininess. These males are called "female mimics" and, like "sneakers", they try to dart into shells and ejaculate on unfertilized eggs. Their testes comprise
2% of their body weight. Talk about having balls!
Yellow garden spiders
★ When a male spider has sex with a female spider, his thingy breaks off inside the female's body, taking "cockblocked" to a disturbingly literal level.
★ After this, male spiders have one more insertion to make, after this they always spontaneously die. Not just with females, either. Scientists observed a male spider stick his spider thingy into a worm he was about to eat, only to--yeah, that's right--die. Oops?
★ Spiders play musical sex. While a female spider is molting, all the male spiders wait outside the female's web. The instant she's done, they all rush in to penetrate her at once.
From Wikipedia:
Female
Male
Blanket octopus
★ They have highly developed eyes just like ours!
★ The females grow up to 2m, whereas the males are only 4cm!
★ Blanket octopuses carry pieces of the poisonous man o' war jellyfish, and when attacked or hunting prey, they swing the tentacles at the unfortunate sea creature. Females outgrow this with maturity but males continue to use them as a weapon.
★ Male blanket octopuses have an arm-tentacle that actually looks--and functions--like a penis.
★ As with male garden spiders, when a male octopus inserts his penis arm (not its actual name) into the female, it snaps off. (Ouch!)
Giant seadevils
★ Female anglerfish are blind and gigantic. Males are teeny-tiny, but have large functioning eyes. The female has a lure filled with bioluminescent bacteria, which flash in species-specific patterns. These animals live 1.5 miles beneath the surface, so scientists don't know much about their actual behaviors, but they suspect that males use these light patterns to suss out their wimmin.
★ The males then latch on to the female, just above the anus, and their flesh grows out into each other so that they become a symbiotic entity with a shared circulatory system. Think this sounds unnatural? They seem to need this: neither of them can reach full sexual maturity until they bond.
Tubeworms
★ They live on rotting carcasses, until they deplete their food supply and go extinct.
★ Females are huge tubules. Males live in giant man-harems inside the tubes, living off their own food and excreting sperm periodically.
★ Juvenile tubeworms have no sex and can go either way depending on where they end up.
From a government website:
Shell-burrowing barnacles
★ Barnacles have the hugest penises in proportion to their bodies.
★ Since barnacles are rooted to one place, their mobile penis extends out to explore the barnacle's neighbors. If said neighbor is not interested in sex, it closes its shell. If the barnacle is, in fact, amenable to sex, it opens up and the two barnacles form a bond.
★ I think I remember reading that they mate for life, but I'm not sure about this. Although--
★ I do know that they are hermaphrodites, and capable of self-fertilization although they prefer not to do this if at all possible (taking the phrase "go fuck yourself" to a disturbingly literal level).
I really liked this. It was interesting and factual and informative, and I found myself giggling at some of the author's colorful imagery. Fans of Mary Roach and Oliver Sacks will definitely want to check out Odd Couples.
3.5 out of 5 stars.